1、 虚拟语气虚拟语气执教教师：XXX1.英语动词有三种语气英语动词有三种语气: : 陈述语气，祈陈述语气，祈使语气和使语气和虚拟语气。2.2. 定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气定义虚拟语气定义虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1.1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2.2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3.3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4.4.状语从句中虚拟语气的用法；
2、状语从句中虚拟语气的用法；5.5.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；6.6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去had donewould should +have done sthcouldmight现在现在助动词助动词 be用用 were 实义动词实义动词 do 用用 did would should + do sthcouldmight将来将来did / were should dowere to dowould should + do sthc
3、ouldMight1.一般条件句中的虚拟语气一般条件句中的虚拟语气1. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.2. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.3. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.4. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反5. If it should rain t
4、omorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与未来事实可能相反与未来事实可能相反1.If I were you, I _ buy the house right now. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. cant2. _more ca
5、reful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able BCA2.2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；
6、 条件从句中含有条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动词三个助动词可将其放在句首，并把可将其放在句首，并把if省略。省略。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Shoul
7、d there be a flood, what should we do?3. 混合混合(时间错综时间错综)型虚拟语气：型虚拟语气： 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。假设的时间而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advi
8、ce, you wouldnt be in the hospital. without和和but for构成虚拟。构成虚拟。 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.4. 含蓄虚拟条件句：含蓄虚拟条件句：If it were not (had not been) for 5. 虚实结合条件句
9、。虚实结合条件句。 She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. He telephoned me to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so. He could have done the work well,
10、but he was so careless.真实语气真实语气 + otherwise/or + 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气 + but + 真实语气真实语气名词从句中虚拟语气的用法名词从句中虚拟语气的用法1）wish引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句wish 现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might+V. I wish I were a bird. (现在现在)I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去过去)We wish our parents wouldnt pu
11、nish us. (未来未来)1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气2）表示坚持，命令，要求，建议的动词后）表示坚持，命令，要求，建议的动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。宾语从句中的虚拟语气。一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order, command 三个建议：三个建议：advise, suggest, propose四个要求：四个要求：demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词用法。即从句中的动词 使用使用should + should + 动词原动词
12、原形，或者将形，或者将shouldshould省略。省略。我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be executed the next day.They requested that
13、we (should) send them to work there. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desiredemand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be
14、 carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气1）Its essential /necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 从句中的动词要用虚拟，从句中的动词要用虚拟，即即(should)+动词原形动词原形1.It is important that we
15、 ( should ) master a foreign language.2. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.3. Its necessary that we should study hard.2）Its a pity/ no wonder + that - 从句中从句中的动词要用虚拟，表示惊讶，遗憾，惋惜的动词要用虚拟，表示惊讶，遗憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即等感情色彩，即should+动词原形动词原形1.It is a pity that she should refuse to accept the offer.2.
16、It is no wonder that John should have won the game.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。考题点击：考题点击：1.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. have D. had hadBCB、主语从句中的
