1、长句的翻译方法长句的翻译方法 n翻译长句时，首先要弄清楚原文的句法机构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系（因果、时间、顺序等），再按照汉语特点和表达方式，正确地译出原文的意思，不拘泥于原文的形式。n长句的译法主要有下列几种：顺序法；逆序法；分译法；综合法。一、顺序法一、顺序法(1) If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring (2) which had so s
2、wiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, (3) she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, (4) whose cheeks were faintly mottled, (5) and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.(1) 她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力，也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁、苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色；(2) 二十六年前这些东西曾迅速而奇
3、妙地影响过艾舍斯特；(3) 在四十三岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣；(4) 不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳；(5) 灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿饱满了。n译文：如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力，也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁、苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色二十六年前这些东西曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特那么在四十三岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳，而灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿饱满了。n(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)练习nIt was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard list
4、ening to a blackbird and composing a love poem, that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.n一个星期日的傍晚,他正躺在果园里,一面在听画眉鸟的叫声,一面在写一首爱情诗,忽然听得大门砰地关上,接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔来,后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔.二、逆序法二、逆序法(1) Time goes fast for one (2)
5、 who has a sense of beauty, (3) when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge to receive with wonder (4) anything you can catch!(1) 时间是过得很快的；(2) 如果你懂得什么是美的话；(3) 当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的黛安娜在池边好奇地接受东西；(4) 你所捉上来的东西。n译文：当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的黛安娜在池边好奇地接受你所捉上来的东西的时候，如果你懂得什么是美的话，时间是过得很
6、快的！n(3) (4) (2) (1)nPeople move in every direction, west, east, north and south, but certain trends predominate, particularly towards the West. (1) There is also the movement of farm people to the towns, (2) as agriculture becomes more mechanized, (3) though locally there is a flight from city cente
7、rs to new suburbs, (4) as the town invades the country.(1) 也有农民迁往城市；(2) 随着农业机械化程度的提高；(3) 虽然局部地区有市中心迁往新兴郊区的情况；(4) 随着农村向城镇扩展。译文：虽然随着农村向城镇扩展，局部地区有市中心迁往新兴郊区的情况，但是随着农业机械化程度的提高，也有农民迁往城市。(4) (3) (2) (1)练习nAnd he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which
8、he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.n他出生在这一类人中间,他出生在这种地方,他有这样的母亲;这些要是让她知道了的话,他知道该多么丢脸.三、分译法三、分译法n有时英语长句中主句与从句或主句与修饰语之间的关系并不十分密切，翻译时可按汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句中的从句或短语化为句子，分开来叙述；为使语意连贯，有时还可适当增加词语。nThe president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results
9、 that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.n分析：这个句子是一个带有分词短语的主句、两个宾语从句和一个非限制性定语从句组成的。全句有三层意思：（一）在一次关于选举结果的记者招待会上，总统发了言；（二）他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到这样大的失败；（三）这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长
10、期享有的优势。在翻译过程中，我们把这句话分别叙述。n译文：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到这样大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。练习nWhen Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of
11、 cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters.n史密斯喝醉之后常常打老婆和女儿;第二天带着头痛发牢骚,抱怨世人不能赏识他的才华.他痛骂同行的画家都是糊涂虫.话很尖刻,有时候也很有道理.nMany new industries which do not need to be close to their markets have been built up in the south and west, partly with the idea that well-qualified
12、northern workers, already satisfied by their high living standard, will think that better surroundings and warmer winters will make their living standards still higher.n南部和西部建起了许多勿需紧挨市场的新兴产业,部分原因是一些技术水平高的北部职员,生活水平较高,生活富足,于是认为如果环境更好些,冬天更暖和些,生活水平将再上一个台阶.四、综合法四、综合法n有些英语长句顺译或逆译都感到不便，分译也有困难，这时也仔细推敲，或按时间先
13、后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆、有主有次地对全句进行综合处理。nBy the middle of the year, he warned, the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in the number of land-based strategic missiles (陆地上发射的战略导弹), the results of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid-1960s, after the Cuban incident, to achieve at least parity a
14、nd possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.n分析：这是一个简单句。有一个插入语he warned可以提前。另外有一个表示结果的名词短语，但这个短语中有两个表示时间的短语和一个表示目的的短语，需要按逻辑关系来安排。表示结果的名词短语可译为表示原因的句子。n译文：他警告说，到今年年中，苏联将在陆上发射的战略导弹的数量上超过美国，因为苏联在古巴事件中遭到失败后，从六十年代中期起就大力发展导弹，目的是为了在核武器方面至少达到同美国均等，并力争超过美国。练习 Egg-rolling is a traditional Easter pastime which t
15、akes place on Easter Sunday or Monday and consists of rolling colored, hard-boiled eggs down a slope until they are cracked and broken after which they are eaten by their owners. On Easter very large crowds of adults and children annually congregate, and thousands of gaily-colored eggs can be seen r
16、olling and bouncing down the step grassy hillside, broken ones eaten with oranges which sometimes are rolled as well.n滚蛋是传统复活节的消遣游戏.在复活节的周日或周一玩,把染过色的煮蛋滚下坡,直到裂了破了再吃掉;每年复活节,一大群大人,小孩聚集在一起,可以看到千万个五彩缤纷的蛋滚啊跳啊,滚下陡峭的长满青草的山坡,破了的蛋常和橘子一起吃掉,有时连橘子也滚.nTechnology is at center stage in the new millennium, not for its breakthroughs of the past decades and its positive economic impacts, but for the disaster potential of the Y2K bug to sink the automated world into darkness which is a sign of the computers increas
