1、基于L298直流电机调速控制设计学校代码：11517学号：201010310339HENAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING毕业设计（论文）基于L298直流电机调速控制设计Based on the L298 dc motor speed control design姓 名 陈 恒 子 专业名称 机械设计制造及其自动化学 号 201010310339 院 （系）机械工程学院 指导教师 耿 国 强 年 月 日基于L298直流电机调速控制设计摘 要 电机在各行各业发挥着重要的作用，而电机转速是电机其中一个重要的性能指标 ，因而检测电机的转速和电机的调速，使它满足人类的各种需要，更显
2、得格外重要，而且随着科技的发展，PWM调速成为直流电机调速的新方案。随着数字技术的迅速发展，微控制器在社会的各钟领域中得到了广泛的应用，由于数字系统有着模拟系统没有的优势，例如抗干扰性强，便于与电脑连接，系统容易维护升级。本设计是以单片机AT89S52单片机和L298芯片控制的直流电动机脉宽调制系统。利用AT89S52芯片进行低成本直流电动机控制系统设计、能够使系统结构简化、成本降低、系统性能增强、满足许多应用场合的应用。系统实现对电机的正、反转、 停止、加、减速的控制，以及PWM的占空比在LED显示器上的显示。现在电气传动的主要方向之一就有电机调速系统采用微控制处理器实现数字化的控制。从 2
3、0世纪 90年代后期起, 世界各大电气公司都在竞相开发数字式调速转动装置, 经过 30几年的发展, 当前直流电机调速已发展成一个很高的技术水平: 功率元件采用了可控硅、 表面安装技术应用于控制板、控制方式采用了电源换相、相位控制。特别是采用了微控制处理器以及它的先进电力电子技术, 使得数字式直流调速装置在精度准确性、控制性能的优良性以及抗干扰的性能上有很大的提高与发展, 在国内外得到了广泛的应用。长期以来，由于直流电动机具有很好的线性调速性能 ，简单的控制功能 ，较高的效率 ，优良的动态特性 ，广泛应用于调速控制系统中。特别是到计算机进入控制领域和高开关频率 、全控型第二代电力半导体器件(GT
4、R 、GTO 、M O SFET 、IG BT 等)的发展 ，脉宽调制(PW M )的直流调速系统在调速控制中得到越来越普遍的应用。关键词：直流电机；AT89S52；L298；PWM调速Based On The L298 Dc Motor Speed Control DesignAbstractMotor plays an important role in all walks of life, and the motor rotation speed is one of the important performance indexes, and detect the speed of th
5、e motor and motor speed regulation, make it meet the various need of human beings, seemed all the more important, and with the development of science and technology, become the new scheme for dc motor speed control PWM speed adjustment.With the rapid development of digital technology, micro controll
6、er in the field of social each clock has been widely used, due to the digital system have the advantage of simulation system has no such as strong anti-interference, easy to connect with computer, easy to maintenance upgrade system.This design is based on single chip AT89S52 single chip microcompute
7、r and L298 chip control dc motor PWM system. Use AT89S52 chip for low cost dc motor control system design, can make the system to simplify structure, lower cost and enhancing the performance of the system, to satisfy the application of many applications. System implementation of motor positive and r
8、everse, stop, plus, deceleration control, as well as the PWM duty cycle in LED display on the display.Now one of the main direction of electrical drive have motor speed control system is controlled by micro processor to realize the digital control. Since the late 1990 s, the worlds major electrical
9、companies are racing to develop digital speed rotating device, after 30 years of development, the current of dc motor speed control has developed into a high technical level: power device adopts thyristor, surface mount technology applied in the control panel, control mode adopted power phase, phase
10、 control. Especially adopts the advanced micro control processor and its power electronic technology, the digital dc speed regulating device in precision accuracy, control performance is better, and the anti-jamming performance has the very big improvement and development, has been widely used at ho
11、me and abroad. For a long time, because the dc motor has good linear speed regulating performance, simple control, high efficiency, excellent dynamic characteristics, widely used in the control of motor speed control system. Especially in the field of computers in control and high switch frequency,
12、full control of the second generation power semiconductor devices (GTR, decision, M O SFET, IG BT, etc.), the development of pulse width modulation (PW M) dc speed control system get more and more widespread application in the control of motor speed control.KEY WORDS: dc motor;AT89S52 devices; L298， PWM speed regulation目 录1 绪论 1 1.1 直流电机 1 1.1.1 直流电机的发展 1 1.1.2 直流电机控制方法 1 1.1.3 直流电机工作原理 2 1.1.4 直流电机主要的技术参数 2 1.2 单片机以及微控制处理器控制系统的发展 22 系统论述 3 2.1 设计背景 4 2.2 设计思路 4 2.3 系统框架设计 4 3 PWM 脉宽调制原理 5 3.1 PWM调速原理 5 3.2 PWM调速方法
